Ville de Jacmel

In Jacmel, Southeastern Department of Haiti, La Ville, or downtown, has historically referred to neighborhoods along the Great Jacmel River, downriver (roughly southeast) from the Caiman Basin – including the Portail Leogane, Bas Cap Rouge, Lan Mondou, and Trou-Bourrique neighborhoods.

Neighboring sections

	North 6e Montagne La Voûte
West 10e La Vanneau	Downtown Jacmel	East 1re Bas Cap Rouge
	〰️South〰️ Baie de Jacmel

Jacmel sainte anne112118 — Rue Sainte-Anne; Jacmel, Haiti

Jacmel f112118 — Lakou New York. Jacmel, Haiti

Jacmel e112118 — Boats on the beach. near Avenue de la Liberté. Jacmel, Haiti

Jacmel port a112118 — Jacmel, port of commerce

By Order of March 31, 1925 (Moniteur du April 2, 1925) issued by the City of Jacmel, the limits of the City of Jacmel are now fixed as follows: starting from the Portal de Saint-Cyr at Morne Lauture towards the east; from the Cap-Rouge Road to the crossroads known as Marin towards the northeast; from Portail de la Gosseline to Morne Ogé towards the north; and from Portail de Lèogane to the first pass of the river towards the northwest. Any areas falling within one kilometer of these new boundaries will be considered suburbs and will be administered separately by the Municipal Council in accordance with the laws governing Municipal Councils and constitutional regulations.

History[]

• At the siege of Jacmel, in 1799, by Toussaint Louverture, Fort Béliot served as a powder magazine and contained all the artillery material of the place. It was started in 1794 by Adjutant General Monbrun and Lieutenant-Colonel Pétion. He was entrusted to the command of the battalion commander Dupuche. Dessalines made him concerned and attack; but he was repulsed. Colonel Beliot, who commanded the arsenal of Jacmel at the time, was buried there, from which came its name.

• On an eminence outside the city walls was a district called Ta Lavigne. In 1799, Beauvais neglected to arrive at this point to defend the entry into the army of Toussaint Louverture. January 5, 1800, at midnight, it was raided by Laplume. Auger made an impetuous exit: the northern troops were tottering. Auger was already penetrating the redoubts under the most deadly grape-shot, when Dommage and Nerette, after heroic efforts, succeeded in stopping his momentum and in freeing General Laplume, ready to be taken prisoner by the Jacmeliens. Auger, enveloped on all sides by troops five times the number of his, formed a tight column, swept through the enemy masses with a baionette, and withdrew under the protection of the Leogane forts and of the government. Bazeleis, battalion commander, was wounded. General Laplume and lieutenant colonel Lacroix were hit by several bullets. Fort Talavigne was taken from the Jacmeliens who, during the remainder of the siege, could no longer retake it. Dessalines immediately turned the pieces of this fort against the city, which he began to cannon actively. Toussaint had a battery of large caliber mortars and cannons established there. Bombs and shells were thrown in the square.

Fort l'Hôpital[]

Fort l'Hôpital, situated in Jacmel, was established in 1794 under the direction of Adjutant General Monbrun and Lieutenant Colonel Pétion. In 1799, amidst the siege of Jacmel led by Toussaint Louverture, Beauvais fortified the structure with eight large-caliber cannons, which were strategically positioned to defend the routes from Talavigue to the coastline.

History (continued)[]

• A quarter mile from the Portail Leogane was a district called Thomas Thuart. In 1799, Beauvais barricaded it and fortified the barrier hastily with a piece of cannon of the caliber of four. This position defended the path leading to the west of the river. Under Toussaint and Dessalines, Thomas Thuart was an English trader established in Jacmel. He was the obscure man who had become rich by smuggling since 1804, and considered to be a Haitian. In 1805, he had loaded 3 ships and had taken from the State a sum of 24,000 piastres. Balthazar Inginac, director of Domaines of the West, seized the ships and did not let them leave the port until after Thomas Thuart had paid the 24,000 piastres of right and a similar sum by way of fine. In 1806, Dessalines finding himself in Jacmel, denounced Thomas Thuart as a smuggler. He ordered a domiciliary visit to his house by police officers, and was convinced of the reality of the fact. He had Thomas Thuart assassinated one night. Thomas Thuart's stores were sequestrated for the benefit of the State; its weight full of gold and silver was delivered to Dessalines which used the sums to create an ephemeral trading house under the name of Innocent et Cie. A citizen of Jacmel was responsible for managing this house.

• In 1799 during the civil war between Toussaint and Rigaud, Dessalines transported Colonel Nerette from Léogâne to the Tavet habitation to secretly support the two leaders of the Lafortune and Conflant bands who were insurgent against Beauvais' at la Vallee and at Bainet. Nerette was well entrenched in Tavet. Birot attacked him on August 5 and took the position. Birot was wounded in the action. Instead of consecrating his conquest, he retired to Denard. When Toussaint learned of the result of the battle of Tavet, he exclaimed that Beauvais had also risen against the Republic. He reinforced his troops at Leogane and increased them to 25,000 men.

Nerette received the order to reoccupy Tavet. Commander Gauthier, who was replacing Birot in Denard, attacked him and was driven back. Towards the middle of September 1799, Dieudonne Jambon, commander of the Leogane district for Toussaint, had the arm of the artillery transported to Tavet, through the hills of Tavet in front of Jacmel. Toussaint himself personally led the workers in the midst of deep precipices, sharing the fatigue of the soldiers and often dragging the guns from Port-au-Prince to Jacmel with them.

• In November 1799, during the siege of Jacmel, General Laplume occupied the space between the sea and the Ogé habitation. He commanded the right column of Toussaint's army. Colonel Henri Christophe who commanded the 2nd division, established itself between this same habitation and Saint Cyr.

• In January 1800, Pétion took out of Jacmel useless mouths of women and children who had headed towards Christophe's neighborhood; they were greeted by grapeshot. Christophe brought the unfortunate women who still existed to his tent, and threw pieces of bread and biscuits in front of them. These poor women rushed over this food, fighting among themselves. After being assured of this sad spectacle, he had them arrested and thrown alive pell-mell with prisoners into the dry wells of the Ogé habitation, which he then had covered with resinous wood which he set on fire. They all perished, suffocated by smoke.

Dessalines, for his part, welcomed the women who came to his camp.

• On March 14, 1800, following the evacuation of Jacmel, a segment of the garrison, which had become disoriented in the woods, reached the Girard habitation, where they encountered a group of friendly mountaineers led by an individual named Figaro. They paused there to await updates from Pétion. Jacmel's troops had evacuated the city, numbering 1,100 men. When they all met at Girard, they were reduced to 600.

• In July 1802, at the arrival of the French, after having burned down and looted Leogane, Pierre-Louis Diane had retired to Cabaret. When General Dubois marched on this position, Pierre Louis Diane was at Tavet fortifying the place. His soldiers who had shared the spoils of Leogane, not suspecting that the French could penetrate the mountain to attack them, were playing in the middle of a ravine, in the greatest disorder. All of a sudden, they heard a shooting and learned that their advance post was taken; they grabbed their weapons and wanted to get into battle, but already the French debouched on them at the charge and attacked them by executing fires of platoons. The natives charged only once, fled and abandoned all their booty. Adjutant-General Dubois was wounded in the action. Pierre-Louis Diane rallied his soldiers who had beaten the English at Trianon and at Mirebalais, and told them that the shame of the day before had to be repaired. After raising their morale, he walked over to Cabaret. When there, he learned that the French had withdrawn to Botin in the plain of Leogane. He marched against them. He was repulsed, and returned from Tavet, dejected and dismayed, entrenching himself there.

Dieudonne Jambon and Ferrand, who were in command for Toussaint in Jacmel, had all the arms and ammunition from this town transported to Tavet; but when Mimi Bordes spoke out against the cruelties that Dessalines had ordered to be carried out in Jacmel, these weapons and ammunition were renounced. As soon as he learned of Jacmel's submission, Pierre Louis Diane abandoned Tavet, and went through the plains of the Cul de Sac by gaining the hills of Grand-Fond.

• In 1802, Cangé, a colored man, a former officer of the Rigaud army, put the section in revolt against the French, after the deportation of Toussaint. Generals Rochambeau and Pageot, finding themselves in Leogane, not daring to cross these mountains to rescue Jacmel, besieged by the insurgents, spread the rumor that they were going to take the road to Tavet. The bulk of the insurgents immediately went to this hill to wait for them and exterminate them; the path from Leogane to Jacmel was almost open. Rochambeau and Pageot left Leogane, and began to fight from the Thonin habitation, raiding all the ambushes they encountered, and arrived in front of Jacmel which they cleared. Pageot resumed from Dieudonne Jambon the district commander.

He left on September 13, 1799, and Dessalines arrived in front of Jacmel almost two months later, in the first days of November. Beauvais was captured by an English ship and taken to Jamaica. He then went to Curaçao where his wife and children came to join him. Then he embarked for France with a passport from agent Roume. A leak broke out on board and the ship was submerged and General Beauvais disappeared into the waves at the sight of his wife and a canoe. had collected. Thus this man perished.

Dessalines was preceded by a promise of amnesty which was rejected by the inhabitants of Jacmel. He summoned the place to surrender: Colonel Birot who commanded the district replied that the ganison was prepared to fight him. In the first days of November, Dessalines arrived at Pasquet and advanced to Menuisier. Before attacking the place, Dessalines had General Laplume of the 3rd division occupy the space between the Ogé habitation and the sea; And by Colonel H. Christophe, of the 2nd. division, the space between the Ogé habitation and St. Cyr. His army was 20,000 men strong. The garrison of Jacmel had only 3000 men. He occupied Marigot and Bainet, fortified the hills of Jacmel with cannons taken from Léogane and Port au Prince. Toussaint came to personally direct the operations of the headquarters. An attack directed against Fort Pavillon was repulsed. He resolved that on the night of January 5-6 a general assault would be delivered instead.

At midnight, Christophe and Laplume attacked the Grand Fort and Talavique. They were chased from the Great Fort, but they were barely able to hold on to Talavique, which they armed against the city. From then on bombs and shells were thrown night and day on the square. The general in chief left for the north, leaving the command in chief of the operating army to Dessalines.

Famine was already being felt in the city. The garrison was already suffering from deprivation. Women and children no longer received the ration reserved for soldiers. We began to eat horses, rats and cats. January 10 Birot, recognizing the impossibility of maintaining himself any longer long in Jacmel, proposed to the officers of the garrison to evacuate the place. They accepted, but the soldiers showed indignation. Then Birot, commander of the district, Fontaine, commander of the place, Borno Déléart and Dupuche embarked furtively during the night of January 19 on a schooner commanded by Lartique, chief from the port, and went to Les Cayes. The soldiers vociferated indiscriminately against all their leaders. Their authority was little known. Two officers Auget and Gauthier calmed the excitement and regained their ascendancy over the troops. Gauthier was named commander of the district and Auger second in command.

Rigaud came. to the aid of Jacmel, and was beaten at Morne Laporte; he returned to Les Cayes, dejected, discouraged. A squadron of Toussaint came to blockade the port of Jacmel. However, Rigaud charged Pétion with taking command of Jacmel. Pétion left Bainet. We were in great distress in Jacmel. He arrived in the port of Jacmel. At a glance, he saw that all was lost. He brought out the useless mouths. In March, a war council decided to evacuate the place. A black man, Jérémie, advised Pétion to evacuate via a small path which led to the Ogé house. On March 12, 1800, at 8 o'clock in the evening, the garrison set out, numbering 1,400 men and 400 women, children and injured people. A traitor denounced to Dessalines the path she had to take. She fell on the column of Christopher. In the middle of the night, the melee became horrible, and the carnage frightful. Nérette pierced the column of the Jacmeliens in two parts. Pétion made his way through the woods with a few grenadiers. Gauthier, at the head of his 800 men, was only waiting for death. Walking through the ranks, he recommended to his soldiers to head in desperation against the center of the enemy masses. The northern troops, disconcerted by the vigor of this attack, were crushed. Gauthier's small column reached a slope of the Cp-Rouge on the Gaste habitation where it rallied. There, Gauthier noticed that Pétion's column had not followed him; he thought she was destroyed. Assailed by the assured benches from the mountain, he reached the Bénard ha'sitation in the middle of a thousand dangers, On the 14th, he arrived at the Girard habitation, where he stopped to wait for news from Pétion. The one who had thrown himself into the woods, and through all the dangers, was arrived at Grand Harpou on the 14th at 5 o'clock in the evening.

The Jacmel troops had evacuated 1,400 men. When they arrived in Girard, there were 600 of them Auger had disappeared during the fight; he was 23 years old. We thought he was dead. This remnant of the Jacmel garrison surrendered to Grand-Goâve, where Faubert commanded,

March 13, Toussaint's troops entered Jacmel.

They massacred all those taken away, the stragglers, the women and the children. These massacres shocked the colony. The leaves of the North and West were filled with low flattery towards Toussaint. He established order, enforced property rights, and reestablished culture in the district.

In 1801, Jacmel was one of nine ports opened to foreign trade in the colony.

When the Leclerc expedition arrived in 1802, Dessalines had all the whites arrested in Jacmel, and left that city. Dieudonné Jambon and Ferrand had weapons and ammunition sent to Tavet. They had received orders to massacre all the whites as the troops approached. French ships. Captain Mimi Bode had the courage to speak out against these cruelties.

Dieudonné Jambon received 10,000 piastres to deliver the city to the French. General Pageot came to take possession of Jacmel without firing a gun.

After the deportation of Toussaint Louverture, in December of the same year, the natives led by Lamour Dérance, started an insurrection, as in the entire colony, in the hills of Jacmel. Dieudonné Jambon, who commanded this city, fell into an ambush on the St.Cyr dwelling. From then on, the insurrection became general; Magloire Ambroise, Lacroix and Macaque at the head insurgents advanced on December 10, numbering 3,000, armed with pikes and rifles, to attack the city. Dieudonné Jambon, colonel, assisted by the Burres battalion chiefs and Pascal, at the head of 200 men of European troops, and 150 of native troops, managed to repel them.

Ville de Jacmel

History[]

Fort l'Hôpital[]

History (continued)[]

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