Tiburon (Kreyol: Tibiwon, English: "Shark") is a commune in the Chardonnières Arrondissement, South Department of Haiti. This town, for which the entire peninsula is named, sits at the westernmost tip of the Tiburon Peninsula and is home to a landscape of striking natural beauty, including fertile valleys, rivers, and parts of Pic Macaya National Park. Travel narratives highlight Tiburon’s picturesque landscapes, warm population, and the difficulties posed by its remote location, capturing a community of contrasts: rich in natural and cultural heritage, yet still striving toward development and security. As of the 2015 census, the population was estimated at 24,000.
Location in southwestern Haiti
Haiti's Tiburon Peninsula spans the entire southern coastline, pointing west towards Cuba.
About[]
The Tiburon emblem, proudly displaying the town’s identity as “Ville des Requins” (City of Sharks).
Tiburon, a southern commune located just across the way from Jamaica, was elevated to the rank of commune in 1768. The town, which gives its name to the entire peninsula, is thought to have been named Buron by the Taíno, meaning “shark,” likely due to the abundance of sharks in its surrounding waters. Its establishment took place in the mid-18th century, with the first crops planted in 1737. Nestled along a cove that forms the town’s deep-water port, the town is historically significant for maritime navigation, with Cape Tiburon acting as a landing point and the nearby Navase Island to the west. The bay, stretching between Bougaux and Cap à Foux, has hosted fleets commanded by distinguished English admirals, while local rivers meander through fertile valleys before emptying into the sea. Several mountain ranges—Morne Bitoche, Morne Bruler, Morne Cali, and Morne Epine—encircle the peninsula, offering breathtaking vistas, lush forests, and abundant wildlife, including wild ducks, boars, and woodcreepers.
The town’s grassy streets, often lightly traveled, give it a serene, almost fairytale-like quality. The main town itself, close to Morne Epine, is lined with sugar-white sand beaches and groves of coconut palms, giving it a serene and picturesque charm. Today, Tiburon remains a remote commune with limited infrastructure, where subsistence agriculture, fishing, and small-scale trade dominate the economy. Despite challenges in healthcare, education, and transportation, the local population is known for its hospitality and resilience, with schools providing admirable educational outcomes and community initiatives gradually improving living conditions.
History[]
Pre-Colonial (Before 1492)[]
Prior to European contact, the Tiburon Peninsula lay at the western extremity of the Kingdom of Jaragua, with its far end forming the Guaccayarima Region. The area that would become the town of Tiburon was inhabited by the Taíno people, who prospered along its rivers and fertile plains. They practiced subsistence agriculture, fished its abundant waters, and engaged in small-scale trade with other Taíno communities across the island they called Ayiti, which translates to "land of high mountans". The peninsula’s sheltered bays and winding coves offered strategic sites for fishing and canoe navigation, taking full advantage of its naturally deep harbors.
Colonial era (1492-1791)[]
Historical map of the Bay and Cape of Tiburon
Following Christopher Columbus’ arrival in 1492, the island was renamed Hispaniola came under Spanish claim. The rugged westernmost peninsula, however, remained largely remote and lightly monitored. Taíno communities continued their traditional lifeways, though exposure to European diseases and forced labor led to a sharp population decline. The natural harbors of Cape Tiburon occasionally served Spanish ships, but no permanent settlements were established. By the early 1600s, French pirates and buccaneers began to explore the area, attracted by its isolated anchorages and access to resources, laying the groundwork for future colonization.
Engraving depicting the signing of the Treaty of Ryswick in 1697.
In October 1629, a French flotilla commanded by Jean de Baradat de Cahuzac anchored at Tiburon on the return from an expedition against the English at Saint Christopher Island. The western part of Hispaniola was formally attributed to France under the Treaty of Ryswick (1697), and the Company of Santo Domingo was created in 1698. The first French settlers arrived around 1740, gradually establishing small plantations and villages along the coast and river mouths.
Sir Charles Knowles, a British naval officer active in the Caribbean
On March 8, 1748, an English squadron of seven vessels under Vice Admiral Charles Knowles anchored at Tiburon and went on to capture and destroy the fort at Saint-Louis-du-Sud on March 19. The village, known as Buron—a name the Taíno reportedly used for “shark” due to the abundance in local waters—was formally established in the mid-18th century, with the first crops planted in 1737. Its grassy streets, lightly trodden by human feet, gave the impression of a “castle of Sleeping Beauty,” nestled among the surrounding rivers, coves, and wooded mountain ranges.
Haitian Revolution (1791-1804)[]
In 1791, the freedmen of Tiburon were already so numerous and influential that the local whites never even attempted to send deputies to the colonial assembly in Cap-Français. The turmoil of the Haitian Revolution soon reached the town with full force. On September 4, 1793, an English fleet appeared in Tiburon Bay, supported by Morin Duval, a wealthy planter, and Jean Kina, a former slave elevated to colonel by Jérémie’s council. Their intent was to favor a British landing. But André Rigaud, dispatched from Les Cayes by Commissioner Polverel, forced the English to re-embark after a violent engagement.
Engraving depicting European ships approaching the Tiburon coast.
At daybreak on October 25, 1793, Rigaud opened fire on the town while his squadron engaged the English corvette King George, which guarded the harbor and harbored local women and children seeking refuge. After two days of relentless bombardment, a well-placed mortar struck the corvette, setting it ablaze before it exploded in a deafening blast that echoed through the mountains of Tiburon. The town’s defenders were overwhelmed; its outer forts fell in succession, and the English retreating toward Les Irois were ambushed at Morne Mam’Sannite, leaving barely fifty survivors.
Despite these victories, the conflict for Tiburon continued. The English occupied Fort Tiburon in February 1794, only to lose it to Rigaud again that December after a daring night assault on outposts at Moisson and Vainqueur. Control shifted more than once during the revolution and civil wars: Rigaud re-entered Tiburon on October 29, 1794, placed 25Dartiguenave in command, and later used the port in 1800 as his escape point to Guadeloupe when driven out by Dessalines’ advance. Many of Rigaud’s supporters in the surrounding hills were arrested and executed in the reprisals that followed.
The struggle did not end there. In January 1803, black local leaders Giles Bénech, Nicolas Regnier and Goman rallied 2,000 farmers and attacked Tiburon, driving out the French commander Desravines, who fled to Les Irois but was executed as a suspected collaborator. French forces briefly retook the area in February, but their hold crumbled as the revolution surged toward victory.
When Haiti declared independence in 1804, Tiburon became part of the new republic. Yet its geographic isolation, far from the larger southern ports like Les Cayes, meant that post-revolutionary growth was slower. Subsistence agriculture, fishing, and coastal trade continued to dominate daily life, even as the town retained its strategic value for maritime travel.
Historic view of Tiburon’s town center (c.19th century) in its early settlement period
Post-Revolution / 19th Century (1804-1900)[]
In the political life of the young nation, Tiburon also made its mark. The first citizen to represent the commune in Haiti’s newly established House of Commons in 1817 was Pierre Louis Murzaine, who served as one of its secretaries. The town also produced prominent military leaders, such as General Lajane, a member of the provisional government of 1843, and General Louis Dufrène, who became Minister of War under Emperor Faustin I and was named Duke of Tiburon.
Archival 19th-century portrait attributed to General Louis Dufrène, Minister of War under Emperor Faustin I.
Local life carried on with a focus on farming, coastal trade, and family-based communities. But Tiburon was not immune to the turbulence of the 19th century. In 1869, during the final struggles of 8President Salnave’s government, the town became the scene of bloody battles between Cacos and Piquets. The Piquets seized Tiburon for a time, but were not driven out until March 1870, following the triumph of the Cacos revolution and Salnave’s death.
By the close of the century, Tiburon had regained stability, known once more as a quiet rural commune—its port serving small coastal vessels, its schools noted for their results, and its shaded streets and coconut groves giving the air of a tranquil but steadfast town on the edge of the peninsula.
20th Century (1901-2000)[]
Tiburon entered the 20th century as a quiet, rural coastal commune whose economy continued to center on subsistence agriculture, fishing, and small-scale timber and coffee production. Broader national events—most importantly the U.S. occupation of Haiti (1915–1934)—shaped the century: the occupation reorganized Haiti’s gendarmerie, built some roads and bridges in selected corridors, and reoriented administrative structures, but much of the Tiburon Peninsula remained underserved and peripheral to capital-led investment. Haiti underwent political instability, foreign interventions, and economic pressures throughout the century, and while some infrastructure improvements and public works took place, rural areas like Tiburon remained underserved and peripheral to capital-led investment.
During the republican decades, life in Tiburon remained focused on the local community. Schools and mission clinics existed in scattered locations, suggesting some continuity of basic education and health services provided by local institutions and visiting missions, though permanent medical infrastructure was limited. Mission-workers and the Ministry of Public Health have maintained the Tiburon health clinic for over a century, showing a long, though modest, presence of services despite the commune’s remoteness and exposure to natural disasters. Records of births, marriages, and deaths were kept in civil and parish archives, preserving a historical record for the area from the 19th into the 20th century.
Politically, Tiburon produced local notables and occasionally featured in wider southern politics, but it did not become a major national power center in the 20th century. Local wealth continued to rely on agriculture (coffee, cacao, bananas) and coastal fishing; timber and charcoal extraction are also noted in regional economic descriptions of the peninsula. Environmental and infrastructure constraints — steep terrain, fault lines (Enriquillo-Plantain Garden fault), and limited roads — constrained large-scale commercial expansion. Natural hazards and uneven disaster response became increasingly important late in the century: while major hurricanes and earthquakes that affected southern Haiti are better documented in the 21st century, the peninsula experienced recurrent storms and the long-term effects of erosion and deforestation across the 20th century, which worsened vulnerability for coastal and riverine communities.
Politically, Tiburon produced local notables and occasionally featured in wider southern politics, but it did not become a major national power center in the 20th century. Local wealth continued to rely on agriculture (coffee, cacao, bananas) and coastal fishing; timber and charcoal extraction are also noted in regional economic descriptions of the peninsula. Environmental and infrastructure constraints — steep terrain, fault lines (Enriquillo-Plantain Garden fault), and limited roads — constrained large-scale commercial expansion. By the late 20th century, natural hazards and uneven disaster response were growing concerns. The Tiburon Peninsula faced repeated storms, and ongoing erosion and deforestation made coastal and river communities more vulnerable, even though the biggest hurricanes and earthquakes were better documented in the 21st century.
By the close of the 20th century, Tiburon was still a fairly isolated commune with a strong local culture, basic public services, and ongoing development challenges. In the 21st century, NGOs, mission groups, and some government projects began to address these gaps. Interest in conserving the peninsula’s natural environment and studying its biodiversity grew out of recognition of its ecological value during and after the late 20th century.
Tiburon Central Park
21st Century (2000s)[]
Tiburon entered the 21st century as a remote coastal commune, still reliant on subsistence agriculture, fishing, and small-scale timber and coffee production. Efforts to modernize infrastructure have been gradual but significant. Electricity access has been bolstered through solar microgrids and the rehabilitation of the Tiburon photovoltaic power plant, displaying both government and NGO initiatives to bring sustainable energy to rural communities. The Tiburon River and surrounding waterways have also been monitored to support local water management and infrastructure planning, while small-scale public works aim to improve roads despite challenging terrain.
Natural hazards continue to shape life in Tiburon. The 2010 earthquake that devastated much of Haiti and subsequent tremors underscore the commune’s seismic vulnerability, as do tropical cyclones such as Hurricane Matthew in 2016, which caused widespread redecoration across the peninsula. Emergency response has involved local authorities, international NGOs, and mission groups, highlighting the importance of disaster preparedness and recovery for isolated coastal communities. Public health has similarly been a focus, with mission clinics and the ministry maintaining local services for decades, including response efforts during the COVID-19 pandemic, reflecting continuity amid adversity.
Security and governance remain local but occasionally intersect with national initiatives. Law enforcement actions, such as the 2017 dismantling of armed gangs, demonstrate both the challenges and the reach of security operations.
Environmental awareness has grown markedly. Conservation initiatives in the Tiburon Peninsula, including the establishment of private nature reserves and biodiversity studies, aim to protect rare flora and fauna, while simultaneously promoting eco-tourism and sustainable development. These efforts build on long-standing recognition of the region’s ecological value, echoing the peninsula’s historic maritime significance and scenic landscapes.
By the 2020s, Tiburon is slowly modernizing. The community balances traditional local work with challenges like storms, earthquakes, and limited roads. At the same time, it is embracing new opportunities such as solar energy, environmental conservation, and stronger local governance. The 21st century for Tiburon is a mix of keeping its traditions while adapting to the challenges and possibilities of the modern era.
Aerial view of Tiburon’s beachfront district, where fishing boats line the shore and the town’s grid unfolds toward the hills
Geography[]
Tiburon is located at 18.3244° N, 74.3961° W, within Haiti’s Grand'Anse Department. The commune spans 147.21 km² (56.83 mi²), of which approximately 91.69 km² (62%) is rural, 53.39 km² (36%) suburban, and 2.13 km² (2%) urban. It is bordered to the north and northeast by Les Irois and Moron, and to the east by Les Anglais. The commune is divided into four communal sections: 1st Blactote, 2nd Sevre, 3rd Loby, and 4th Dalmette. The town center and the district of Cahouane are coastal, while the other sections lie inland.
Tiburon’s terrain is varied, featuring coastal plains, interior hills, and river valleys, with soils shaped by this mix of landscapes, the tropical climate, and surrounding mountains. Sandy, loamy, and clay soils are common—shallow on steep slopes and more fertile in valleys and along rivers—supporting subsistence crops such as maize, beans, cassava, bananas, and coffee. Erosion is a concern on deforested hillsides, and the coastal alluvial soils near rivers are historically favored for settlements and small-scale agriculture. The road from Tiburon to Anse-d’Hainault passes Morne Man Sainte, a slope that becomes unstable and impassable during the rainy season, while rivers along the route frequently overflow, complicating transportation. The commune’s climate is highly variable depending on local elevation and proximity to the coast, further influencing soil productivity and agricultural practices.
Historically, legal measures fixed Tiburon’s distance from major administrative centers: 72 leagues from Port-au-Prince, 25 leagues from Jérémie (the judicial district capital), and 12 leagues from Anse-d’Hainault.
Neighborhoods[]
| TIB | Tiburon | 23,269 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| VTB | Ville De Tiburon | Urban | 7,424 | |
| QCH | Quartier De Cahouane | Urban | 1,955 | |
| BLT | 1ère Section Blacote | Rural section | 3,452 | Blacktote, Carrefour Gros-Chaudière, Carrefour Maillette, Casnave, Conete, Duclosette, Haut-Fort, Jean-Jacques, Jean-Sac, Passage-Président, Tapion, Ti Plaine, Trou-Mangnain, Vainqueur. |
| SVR | 2ème Section Nan Sevre | Rural | 2,597 | Anglade, Benjamin, Beraud, Jocelyn, Madrier, Mazi, Nan Sévré, Saint-Cyr, Sara. |
| LOB | 3ème Section Loby | Rural section | 6,240 | Bertrand, Cassa, Chavêne, Deslandes, Georges, Marcelin, Monto, Nan Grand-Mas, Nan Sable, Nansinte, Perien, Sentier, Taverne. |
| DAL | 4ème Section Dalmette | Rural section | 1,611 | Beraud, Berault, Bon Pas, Chamblain, Dalmette, Fradin, Grande-Pointe, La Cahouane, Lafito, Ledge, Nan Roche, Promu, Sainte-Marie. |
Demography[]
| Year | Population | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1890 | 9,000 | |
| 1998 | 30,869 | +243% |
| 2009 | 21,170 | -31% |
| 2015 | 23,269 | +10% |
The population of Tiburon, whose residents are called Tiburonais, has fluctuated over time, growing from 9,000 in 1890 to 30,869 in 1998, then declining to 21,170 in 2009 before rebounding slightly to 23,269 in 2015, likely due to migration, economic pressures, and environmental challenges.
Of the 2015 population, 53% were male (12,324) and 47% were female (10,955). Adults aged 18 and over number 13,478, representing roughly 58% of the population, indicating a slightly younger population overall. The commune has about 4,661 households, yielding an average household size of approximately 5 people per household. With a total area of 147 square kilometers (57 square miles), the overall population density is about 158 people per square kilometer (409 per square mile).
The urban center, Ville de Tiburon, has 7,424 residents—3,771 men (51%) and 3,653 women (49%)—with 4,217 working-age adults (57% of the urban population). These 1,541 households average about 4.8 persons each. Covering 1.37 square kilometers (0.53 square miles), the urban area is much denser, at approximately 5,419 people per square kilometer (14,035 per square mile), reflecting a concentrated settlement pattern compared with the more dispersed rural areas.
Overall, Tiburon displays a moderately youthful population, moderate household sizes, and a clear urban-rural density contrast, with the majority of residents living in dispersed rural areas, while the town center concentrates population, services, and administrative functions.
Climate[]
According to the Köppen–Geiger climate classification, Tiburon experiences a tropical savanna climate (Aw), characterized by a distinct wet and dry season. Temperatures are generally mild, rarely exceeding 22°C (72°F) in sheltered coastal plains and river valleys. Each morning around 8 a.m., a land breeze flows from the north-northwest, later replaced by a northeast sea breeze, creating a cooling effect across lowlands. Rainfall averages 2,707 millimeters (107 inches) annually, heavily concentrated between April and November, with September and October seeing the highest totals, while December through March are relatively dry.
Local topography strongly shapes these patterns: the Hood Mountains, Morne Man Sainte, and other inland slopes receive cooler, wetter conditions than the exposed coastal plains, while river valleys such as those along the Tiburon River are prone to humidity accumulation and occasional flooding. These geographical features generate localized climatic variations, including cooler temperatures on shaded slopes and higher rainfall along windward faces.
The commune’s coastal location and proximity to steep inland terrain also make it susceptible to strong storms and hurricanes, such as the devastating hurricane of 1754. Additionally, Tiburon sits near the Enriquillo-Plantain Garden fault zone, a major seismic belt in southern Haiti, which renders the area vulnerable to earthquakes. Together, the combination of coastal exposure, elevation differences, and tectonic activity creates a climate and environmental profile unique to the Tiburon Peninsula.
Tiburon Central Park
Economy[]
Tiburon’s economy is rooted in both agriculture and natural resource use, leveraging the commune’s diverse terrain and coastal access. Cocoa production and coffee processing form key pillars of local agricultural activity, while the timber industry benefits from mahogany and other valuable woods suitable for cabinet-making and construction. Palma Christi oil production and livestock raising—including sheep, goats, pigs, and horses—supplement household income, and fishing provides a vital source of food for the community. Local commerce is concentrated in markets such as Marché Jeudi in the second section and the Tuesday, Wednesday, and Saturday markets in the third section, alongside smaller institutions like restaurants, a credit union, and a marketing cooperative.
Residents primarily subsist on a diet of rice and beans, complemented by fish, while local authorities and community leaders have explored initiatives to expand production for broader trade. Despite the commune’s natural wealth, farmers and fishermen often face limitations in tools and infrastructure, constraining their ability to increase yields and develop export-oriented activities. Overall, Tiburon combines traditional subsistence livelihoods with emerging opportunities in timber, agriculture, fisheries, and modest commercial services to support its rural coastal economy.
Infrastructure[]
Transportation[]
Tiburon’s transportation network centers on Departmental Route 72, a coastal highway that runs roughly 115 km (71 mi) from Les Anglais in the South Department to Jérémie in Grand’Anse. This road is the commune’s main artery, linking it to nearby towns, markets, and services, while also connecting Tiburon to the broader southern peninsula. The terrain along the route is varied, and sections can become difficult to traverse during the rainy season due to flooding or erosion, especially near river crossings and slopes like Morne Man Sainte. Despite these challenges, Route 72 remains essential for local commerce, access to education and health facilities, and the movement of goods and people, supporting both traditional livelihoods and emerging economic activities in the commune.
Education[]
Tiburon’s education system is modest but active, despite limited support from the Ministry of National Education of Youth and Sports, which has no direct representation in the commune. At the kindergarten level, there are dozens of small facilities, while primary education includes five public schools, several private institutions, and twelve congregational schools.
Secondary education is more limited, with just two schools—one public and one private. School infrastructure is often in poor condition, with jerry-built classrooms and few certified teachers. Many children face hardships such as lacking proper shoes, which can discourage attendance. One notable exception is the school operated by Tiburon Baptist Church through its Hope for Kidz project, which offers certified instructors, textbooks, school supplies, and adequate classrooms, supported by funding from an affiliated church, providing a model of quality education amidst the broader challenges in the commune.
Health[]
Tiburon’s health infrastructure is limited, and the Ministry of Public Health and Population does not have a formal presence in the commune. Health services are provided through two local health centers, supported by a nurse and a certified matron who oversee basic sanitary care for residents. Mission workers and local initiatives have supplemented these services for over a century, maintaining a modest but continuous medical presence despite the commune’s remote location, challenging terrain, and occasional flooding. Access to care remains constrained, but the system provides primary health services and essential preventative care for the population.
Utilities[]
Tiburon’s utilities are functional for a rural coastal commune. Water is supplied through a combination of natural and human-made sources, including a river, 71 springs, two ponds, an artesian well, 20 public taps, and a pump. Nearly every household also maintains a traditional well for domestic use. Electricity is available 24/7 via a privately operated solar-hybrid microgrid. Overall, residents rely on a mix of local resources, small-scale infrastructure, and renewable energy to meet their daily utility needs.
Administration[]
Tiburon is administered as a commune within the Chardonnière Borough of Haiti’s South Department, with local government overseeing civil registration, public services, and municipal affairs, often in partnership with mission groups and NGOs. The commune is divided into multiple sections for administrative management of both the town center and surrounding rural areas. For judicial matters, Tiburon has two Courts of Peace, though there is no prison in the municipality. Historically, local security was provided by a garrison that included a gendarmerie company, an administrative police force, an artillery unit from Anse-d’Hainault, members of the national guard on foot and horseback, and the rural police. Together, they ensured basic law enforcement across the commune.
| Mulcaire Merveille
Mayor |
Charly Eustache
Deputy Mayor |
Iveel Louis
Deputy Mayor |
Culture[]
Religion[]
Tiburon’s population is predominantly Christian, with nearly 21 places of worship representing a range of denominations, including Catholic, Baptist, Adventist, and Pentecostal. These churches and temples play key roles in community life, education, and social services. Religious celebrations, patronal feasts, and local festivals remain central to the cultural rhythm of the commune.
Organizations[]
With regard to the parties and organizations in Tiburon, there are three political party representations, 11 popular organizations, and a peasants’ group, alongside various NGOs, mission groups, and cooperatives that provide support in areas such as education, health, agriculture, and microfinance, working with local institutions to address gaps in services and promote community development.
Communication[]
Tiburon has no newspaper, magazine, or television station. Communication relies primarily on two local radio stations, one located on the main street and the other on Rue Paradis Prolongée (Paradise Street Extension).
Mail service arrives from Les Cayes on Tuesdays and departs the same day, continuing a tradition established in 1826 when two weekly couriers connected Tiburon to Les Cayes and Jérémie. Its location as the Haitian town closest to Jamaica has historically made it a site of interest for potential submarine telegraph cable extensions.
Leisure[]
Leisure and recreation in Tiburon are shaped by both its natural environment and community life. While the town has no library or museum, it hosts three theaters for cultural events. Residents enjoy sports such as football (soccer), basketball, and volleyball, while nightlife is supported by a nightclub and 25 gaguères, offering informal spaces for socializing. The commune’s beaches, rivers, and surrounding hills further provide natural settings for swimming, fishing, and hiking.
Tourism[]
The town offers picturesque beaches such as Plage Tiburon, scenic coves, and panoramic views of the Caribbean Sea. The deep harbor at Cape Tiburon holds historical interest, while surrounding hills and groves of coconut palms, rivers, and woodlands provide opportunities for nature-based exploration. Notable monuments and sites include two caves and a waterfall celebrated annually by the commune’s youth, the Church of Beraud, and local marble quarries.
The thermal springs in the mountains of the Cahouanne attract neighboring residents seeking their reputed health benefits, and rivers at the foot of Morne Man Sainte form natural pools for recreation. Tourism infrastructure is limited but includes the Tapion Hotel, a local café called Tet Kafou, and other modest amenities supporting visitors. Tiburon has an emerging yet still intimate tourist economy.
References[]
- Wikipedia
lacgeo.com
FamilySearch
Tiburon - Ralphson [1]
Institut Haïtien de Statistique et d’Informatique (IHSI). Population Totale, Population de 18 Ans et Plus: Recensement Général de la Population et de l’Habitat 2009. Port-au-Prince, 2010.
Institut Haïtien de Statistique et d’Informatique (IHSI). Population, logements et ménages par section communale : Recensement 2015. Port-au-Prince, 2016.
Rehabilitation of the Tiburon Photovoltaic Power Plant - HaïtiLibre, (2023) [2]
Technology: Solar Micro-grids Huge Potential for Rural Areas - HaïtiLibre [3]
Request for proposals for power generation systems for microgrids - HaïtiLibre [4]
2021 Haiti Earthquake – Situation Report #1, September 1, 2021 - ReliefWeb [5]
Seismologists Warn Haiti Must Now Face Its Falling Earthquake Dominoes - WLRN [6]
Haiti’s First Private Nature Reserve Seeks to Protect Rare Plants and Animals - Mongabay, 2019 [7]
At Least 19 Bandits Mortally Injured in the Dismantling of the Ti Rach Gang in Tiburon - HaïtiLibre [8]
Monitoring of Works on the Tiburon River - HaïtiLibre [9]
Dekouvri Istwa dènye pwent tè Ayiti a ki se komin Tiburon - Norman J. Romelus [10]
Sir Charles Knowles, 1st Baronet - Wikipedia [11]