Village D'Ennery
Ennery (Haitian Creole: Ènri) is a commune in the Gonaïves Arrondissement, in the Artibonite department of Haiti. It is located on Gonaïves' northeastern border, bordering the Petite-Rivière-de-Bayonnais and Poteaux neighborhoods. Ennery, also known as Ville de l'anse, is one of the oldest towns in Haiti, boasting a rich history and cultural heritage. It is the birthplace of Toussaint L'ouverture.
About[]
Ennery has been characterized by historians as the most scenic location in the north and in the Artibonite, within a more confined setting. It is a valley adorned with a river, and encircled by a ring of verdant mountains, their peaks adorned with latanier forests. In this valley, amidst the picturesque backdrop, one could easily feel completely detached from the outside world. The pathway that winds through the valley is broad and shaded by towering trees. As the sun bathes the surroundings of Ennery in its golden light, the incredible richness of vegetation, along with the charming local population and numerous flocks, create a breathtaking scene that never fails to captivate the observer.
Etymology[]
The name Ennery was derived from the 1775 governor of Saint-Domingue named Victor-Thérèse Charpentier, Earl of Ennery. The town was formed a year after his inauguration. Ennery was named in 1776 during the Treaty of demarcation between the French and the Spaniards. This decision was made under the colonial government of the count of Ennery, who unfortunately passed away in Port-au-Prince that same year. His mausoleum can be found in the Cimitière de l'intérieur, located in the ancient chapel.
History[]
Ennery was founded in 1776 as a canton in the former province of Marmalade, The settlers affectionately renamed it Louverture, after the nickname of Toussaint Louverture, a renowned general who owned a significant amount of land in the area. Remnants of his residence can still be seen along the town's borders. Fatras-Baton, (English: "Garbage Can") as he was known, made the city a strategic area and it was in Ennery that he was arrested by General Leclerc and then deported to France to die of cold at the castle of Fort de Joux.
Timeline[]
• In October 1801, Toussaint L'Ouverture received word of General Moise's uprising in au Cap and traveled from Gonaïves to the town of L'ouverture (Ennery). Upon arrival, he was informed about the rebels seizing control of Marmelade.
• In February 1802, the sons of Toussaint, Issac and Placide, arrived in Cap-Haïtien with the Leclerc expedition to visit their father at Ennery on February 9th. – Upon their arrival, Toussaint embraced his sons, showered them with kisses, and uttered: "My children, if you abandon me, see in my heart a wound that will never be closed." M. Coisnon informed him that the First Consul had sent his children to be under the care of the interpreters of the French Government. Issac presented his father with a gold box containing a letter from Bonaparte. The letter had the seal of the French Republic attached to it with a silk cord. Toussaint quickly read the letter and expressed his gratitude to M. Coisnon for looking after his sons. He added, "Tell General Leclerc that I will only negotiate with him once he has arrested his officers." Toussaint kissed his children goodbye and continued his journey to Gonaives. He entrusted General Leclerc with packages that were handed over to M. Coisnon, who remained in Ennery with his sons.
• On February 21, 1802, Christophe was attacked at Ennery by General Hardy, who took the town by bayonnet. Christophe ceded the ground on foot, retreating before forces far superior to his own, taking cover at Morne Bayonnais.
• While the bulk of the French army surrounded Crête-á-Pierrot in March 1802, Toussaint-Louverture crossed the waters of Saint-Michel and headed for Ennery. The weak garrison of this village, as soon as it learned of his approach, retreated to Gonaïves. Toussaint entered Ennery, where he organized some farmers' companies. From there, he went to the Marmalade, where he learned that Dessalines, who had left Crête-à-Pierrot, had been defeated by the French at Morne Nolo.
Toussaint, after submitting to General Leclerc in Okap, withdrew to Ennery where he had four habitations.
• After the deportation of Toussaint, Captain Sylla left the heights of Plaisance he had lifted, rushed to Ennery, pillaged and ravaged everything. Colonel Pesquidou, commander of Ennery, dispersed the crowd with gunshots, and restored order.
• In May 1865, Ennery was seized by General Milieu Jean-Jacques from the co-religionists of Salnave.
• In 1879, Ennery was seized by General Saint-Fleur Paul during his insurrection against Boisrond-Canal, whom he had betrayed. It was his lieutenant Dorlisca Raphaël who first entered the village.
• On April 23, 1889, General Saint-Fleur crossed the morasses of Marmalade and seized Ennery from the Northerners after a five-hour fight. Unfortunately, this success dispersed the forces of the 2nd Corps of the West, commanded by the Secretary of State of the Interior, General O. Piquant, to whom the legitimate president had sent the order to Dessalines to concentrate rather his forces against Saint-Marc and Gonaïves. This success cost the 2nd corps, whose commander-in-chief was soon to meet at Dessalines, and owed his safety only to the flight. They fled as far as Port-au-Prince.
Welcome sign
Geography[]
Demographics[]
| Year | Population | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1890 | 7,000 | |
| 1969 | 24,023 | +243% |
| 1998 | 34,811 | +45% |
| 2003 | 31,285 | -10% |
| 2009 | 46,581 | +49% |
| 2015 | 51,221 | +10% |
According to the IHSI, the commune has a total land area of 216.89 square kilometers (83.74 square miles), of which 121.66 km² (56%) is rural, 94.69 km² (44%) is suburban, and 0.54 km² (>1%) is urban. The gorge of the Crete Salée leads through the Black Mountains between Ennery and Saint-Raphaël.
Ennery's land area consists primarily of plains in the town center and the hills in three of its communal sections. Its climate varies from tropical to cool. By its geographical position, it is considered an interior municipality.
It is bordered by the Northern Department communes of Pilate and Plaisance on the northeast, the commune of Marmelade on the east, the commune of Saint-Michel on the southeast, and the city of Gonaïves on the west. The ridge of Morne Laporte serves as the dividing line between the boroughs of Gonaïves and Marmelade.
Communal map of Ennery, Haiti.
Neighborhoods
| ENY | Ennery | 51,221 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| VEN | Ville d'Ennery | 5,486 | ||
| SAC | 1ère Section Savane Carrée | 17,326 | Audigé, Belle Hotesse, Bois Bossal, Bois Neuf, Cabia, Carobal, Crète Sale, Dalouet, Dubalzeille, Dufailly, Duvoisin, Fouquete, Garnier, Grand d'Lo, Jean Carrié, Lafond, La Rivière, La Tombe, Lauri, Lector, Ligène, Nan Charles, Nan Roger, Pèdi, Pina, Place Marmelade, Puballot, Savane Carrée, Ti Boubain, Torpin, Trois Garçons. | |
| PRE | 2ème Section Passe-Reine (ou Bas Ennery) | 13,361 | Aufilier, Beaumont, Beauséjour, Belami, Boca, Boutique, Brillant, Ca Joseph, Ca josephi, Ca Reguy, Carriac, Cerca, Descahos, Du Fossé, Manime, Ministre, Mosemberg, Nan Gorge, Nan Platon, Nan Source, Navitre, Pascal, Passecot, Passe Reine, Platon du Fossé, Sterlin, Trompette, Vincent. | |
| CHF | 3ème Section Chemin Neuf | 5,408 | Broca, Candjo, Carouin, Ca Tigel, Chemin Neuf, Choumasse, Comme, Danache, Desfourneau, Dimini, En Bas Figuier, Garotie, Grand Rac, Indry, Jacouman, Jasmin, La Cour Broca, Lambert, Le Roche, Lorrain, Macanda, Machoquette, Maurepas, Mérion, Nan Bambou, Nan Besoin, Nan Mas, Nan Rouffé, Passe Joly, Plaine Rollin, Platon Mas, Risqué, Roussel, Saint Ange, Savane Broca, Savane Choumasse, Savane Danache, Savane Faché, Terre Blanche, Vilaile, Violette. | |
| PUB | 4ème Section Puilboreau | 9,604 | Bené, Carpal, Carrefour Nan Georges, Casseus, Cense, Derrière Bois, Durand, Encoma, Engoma, Gara, Garde Jumeau, Labadie, La Pombre, La Salle, Nabou, Nan Coco, Nan Domingue, Pomme Gomme |
Economy[]
For Economic and Financial Infrastructures, there are no banks, however, nine restaurants and a credit union have been counted in this municipality.
Productions of the commune include coffee, mahogany, yellow wood, pines, food, Palma-Christi oil, wax, and honey.
The territory contains copper and gypsum reserves.
Infrastructure[]
Ennery Bridge
Transportation
Ennery is accessible by Route Nationale 1, which runs through the town.
Some parts might be difficult to access because the town is hilly, often requiring hiking. The nearest airports are at Cap Haitien Interntional Airport and Port-de-Paix Airport.
Link to article "Engineering Design Builds Climate-Resilience in Haiti and Dominica" [1]
Education
The Ministry of National Education of Youth and Sports doesn't have a presence in the municipality of Ennery. However, there is a departmental director who visits whenever necessary. The schools in the commune consist of a private kindergarten, four public primary schools, and several private ones. In terms of secondary education, there is only one public school.
Health
Hopital Toussaint Louverture de Ennery
The Ministry of Public Health and Population is also absent municipality of Ennery. Regarding health facilities, there is a clinic, three health centers without a bed and a hospital, Hopital Toussaint Louverture de Ennery (HCR) located in the fourth section. In addition, five doctors and dentists, a nurse, 8 auxiliaries and forty-two certified matrons provide the health service at the different centers of the municipality.
Utilities
In the commune there are two rivers, fifty-nine springs, two artesian wells, fourteen taps, and two pumps. These water sources are mainly used for household needs. The only place with electricity is the town center of Ennery, thanks to a Protestant mission that gives about 3 hours of power every week.
Security
The municipality of Ennery has a peace court and a police station (Sub-Commission) situated within its administrative and judicial infrastructures. Additionally, there is a prison facility in the city.
Administration
As of December 2021
Assembly outside Ennery Town Hall
  Marc-Henri Compère |
  Violène Saint-Pierre |
  Raymond Riguad |
| Party: AAA |
Culture[]
Furthermore, Ennery is renowned for its various festivities. One of the most well-known celebrations is the festival of Saint-Hubert, which is observed annually on November 5.
Religion
Ennery has around 51 temples catering to various faiths, including Catholic, Episcopal, Baptist, Adventist, Pentecostal, and Jehovah's Witness. Among these, the number of Pentecostal temples is notably higher compared to the others.
Organizations
In terms of political parties and organizations, Ennery has a limited number. At the municpal level, only three grassroots organizations and a non-commercial cooperative have been identified.
Communication
The town lacks newspapers, radio stations and television stations. The post arrives from Gonaïves on Sunday evenings, continues to Marmelade, and returns on Wednesday evening.
Leisure
Ennery offers a range of cultural and leisure activities, including a library, theater, and movie theater. However, the town's three football (soccer) fields and basketball court are in poor condition. Additionally, a nightclub and six gaguères provide entertainment options for residents.
Tourism[]
House in Ennery, AR, Haiti
Jardin de Village d'Ennery
Street in Ennery
Ennery serves as a popular destination for tourists, with Puilboreau Mountain being its main attraction. This tranquil locale is ideal for those seeking a peaceful retreat away from the bustling crowds found in other parts of the island.
The primary hotel in Ennery is Village Ennery, catering to both tourists and business travelers looking for a secluded environment away from the busy activity of conferences and seminars. The hotel offers air-conditioned accommodations adorned with decorations from the Indian Chiefdoms Era. Guests can enjoy Haitian cuisine at the on-site restaurant, take a dip in the swimming pool, dance the night away at the nightclub, attend catered events, and explore nearby historical sites.
However, like many tourist towns in Haiti, Ennery also has a less glamorous side. The local residents face significant poverty, with women in particular struggling to provide for their families alongside tourists indulging in the local cuisine and attractions.
Development[]
In a bid to further develop the town, various programs have been launched in the past. One of the projects that are currently underway is the reconstruction of the water supply system. This project is headed by the Japanese government, which aims to provide people clean drinking water and to prevent waterborne diseases.
Pros and cons[]
Main article: Pros and cons of the communes
Pros: Ennery is easily accessible by land transportation.
Cons: High unemployment, located near a river - flood risk.
References[]
The small town of Ennery, Haiti [2]
FENAMH [3]
Michael Vedrine